The recitation of the Prophet (may Allah bless him and give him peace) after Surah al-Fatihah:
Narrated by Musa ibn Isma‘il, who said: Hammad narrated from Yahya, from ‘Abdullah ibn Abi Qatadah, from his father:
حَدَّثَنَا مُوسَى بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا هَمَّامٌ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ يَحْيَى ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ عَبْدِ اللَّهِ بْنِ أَبِي قَتَادَةَ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏عَنْ أَبِيهِ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏أَنّ النَّبِيَّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ كَانَ يَقْرَأُ فِي الظُّهْرِ فِي الْأُولَيَيْنِ بِأُمِّ الْكِتَابِ وَسُورَتَيْنِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَفِي الرَّكْعَتَيْنِ الْأُخْرَيَيْنِ بِأُمِّ الْكِتَابِ وَيُسْمِعُنَا الْآيَةَ وَيُطَوِّلُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الْأُولَى مَا لَا يُطَوِّلُ فِي الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَهَكَذَا فِي الْعَصْرِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏وَهَكَذَا فِي الصُّبْحِ
The Prophet (may Allah bless him and give him peace) used to recite in the Zuhr prayer in the first two rak‘ahs Surah al-Fatihah and two other surahs, and in the last two rak‘ahs he would recite only Surah al-Fatihah. Sometimes he would make us hear a verse, and he would make the first rak‘ah longer than the second. Likewise, this was his practice in the ‘Asr prayer, and similarly in the Fajr prayer.
(Sahih al-Bukhari, 776)