Summary of the Sunnah of Sitting in Tashahhud:
1. First Tashahhud (after the second rak‘ah): Sitting on the left foot (iftirāsh).
2. Final Tashahhud (after the third or fourth rak‘ah):
Sitting on the buttocks (tawarruk); the left foot is brought forward, and the right foot remains upright.
Sending blessings upon the Prophet ﷺ after Tashahhud:
The Prophet ﷺ would send blessings upon himself in both the first and second tashahhud, and he instructed his followers to do the same after reciting the tashahhud.
إِسْمَاعِيلَ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَا:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنَا عَبْدُ الْوَاحِدِ بْنُ زِيَادٍ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏حَدَّثَنَا أَبُو فَرْوَةَ مُسْلِمُ بْنُ سَالِمٍ الْهَمْدَانِيُّ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ حَدَّثَنِي عَبْدُ اللَّهِ بْنُ عِيسَى سَمِعَ عَبْدَ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنَ أَبِي لَيْلَى ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ لَقِيَنِي كَعْبُ بْنُ عُجْرَةَ ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ أَلَا أُهْدِي لَكَ هَدِيَّةً سَمِعْتُهَا مِنَ النَّبِيِّ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقُلْتُ:‏‏‏‏ بَلَى فَأَهْدِهَا لِي، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقَالَ:‏‏‏‏ سَأَلْنَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صَلَّى اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏فَقُلْنَا:‏‏‏‏ يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏كَيْفَ الصَّلَاةُ عَلَيْكُمْ أَهْلَ الْبَيْتِ فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ قَدْ عَلَّمَنَا كَيْفَ نُسَلِّمُ عَلَيْكُمْ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏قَالَ:‏‏‏‏ قُولُوا:‏‏‏‏ اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ، ‏‏‏‏‏‏اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ.
Narrated Qays ibn Hafs and Musa ibn Isma‘il:
They said: ‘Abd al-Wahid ibn Ziyad narrated to us, saying: Abu Farwah Muslim ibn Salim al-Hamdani narrated to us, who said: ‘Abdullah ibn ‘Isa informed me that ‘Abd al-Rahman ibn Abi Layla said: Ka‘b ibn ‘Ujrah met me and said, “Shall I give you a gift I heard from the Prophet ﷺ?”
I said, “Yes, please give it to me.”
He said, “We asked the Messenger of Allah ﷺ, saying:
‘O Messenger of Allah, how should we send prayers upon you, the members of your household? For Allah has taught us how to greet you with peace.’ He said:
‘Say:
اللَّهُمَّ صَلِّ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا صَلَّيْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ، اللَّهُمَّ بَارِكْ عَلَى مُحَمَّدٍ وَعَلَى آلِ مُحَمَّدٍ كَمَا بَارَكْتَ عَلَى إِبْرَاهِيمَ وَعَلَى آلِ إِبْرَاهِيمَ إِنَّكَ حَمِيدٌ مَجِيدٌ.’
(Sahih al-Bukhari, Hadith 3370)
Translation:
“O Allah, send Your blessings upon Muhammad and upon the family of Muhammad, as You sent blessings upon Ibrahim and upon the family of Ibrahim. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious. O Allah, bless Muhammad and the family of Muhammad, as You blessed Ibrahim and the family of Ibrahim. Indeed, You are Praiseworthy, Glorious.”